Electrochemistry and Applications:
Electrodes – concepts, reference electrodes (Calomel electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode and glass
electrode); Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, cell potential calculations and numerical problems,
potentiometry– potentiometric titrations (redox titrations), concept of conductivity, conductivity cell,
conductometric titrations (acid–base titrations).
Electrochemical sensors – potentiometric sensors with examples, amperometric sensors with
examples.
Primary cells – Zinc–air battery, Secondary cells – Nickel–Cadmium (NiCad),and lithium ion batteries–
working of the batteries including cell reactions; Fuel cells, hydrogen–oxygen, methanol fuel cells –
working of the cells.