Measurement of Level: Direct methods – Indirect methods – Capacitive, Radioactive, Ultrasonic, Magnetic, Cryogenic Fuel level indicators –Bubbler level indicators.
Flow measurement: Rotameter, magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flowmeter, Hot – wire anemometer, Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA).
Measurement of Speed: Mechanical Tachometers, Electrical tachometers, Non- contact type Stroboscope; Measurement of Acceleration and Vibration: Different simple instruments – Principles of Seismic instruments – Vibrometer and accelerometer using this principle- Piezo electric accelerometer.